Ethical Governance UPSC with Nikhil

Ethical Governance UPSC with Nikhil

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Ethical Governance UPSC with Nikhil जैसा कि आप सभी जानते हैं कि आजकल सभी प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं में Current Affairs का महत्व कितना बढ गया है , तो इसी बात को ध्यान में रखते हुये हमने ये पोस्ट बनाई है , इस पोस्ट में हम आपको बर्ष 2021 के जनबरी से लेकर 2022 अब तक के सभी महीने की करेंट अफ़ेयर्स की PDF उपलब्ध कराएंगे ! और आगे भी आने बाले सभी महीने की करेंट अफ़ेयर्स की PDF भी इसी पोस्ट में ADD की जायेंगी ! 

 

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     Related Topics

• Corporate Governance In Hindi – Ethics, Integrity & Attitude
• Ethics in Governance – 2nd ARC – Drishti IAS
• Ethics In Governance – Indian Institute of Public Administration
• Ethics, Accountability and Good Governance
• ETHICS IN GOVERNANCE B.K.Taimni Atma-aupamya means 
• Ethics & Governance – A Perspective

 

Ethical Governance UPSC Questioin and Answer

Approach

Explain what are valuesEnumerate various types of values important in governance such as integrity, neutrality, responsibility etc.Establish how various values play a significant role in governance

Answer

Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes, actions and conduct.Values are enduring beliefs about an ideal mode of behaviour. They help us to determine what is important to us. Values describe the personal qualities we choose to embody to guide our actions; the sort of person we want to be; the manner in which we treat ourselves and others, and our interaction with the world around us.

System of values, policies and institutions by which a society manages its economic, political and social affairs through interactions within and among the State, civil society and the private sector is called Governance .

Values such as objectivity, integrity, neutrality, responsibility, credibility, impartiality, confidentiality, dedication to public service, transparency, efficiency, are crucial for governance and ensure the rule of law, stability, equity and inclusiveness, empowerment, and broad-based participation of all.

The following values have a major bearing on the governance architecture of any society

Integrity- Integrity can be understood as moral uprightness and strong adherence to honesty and fairness. Integrity aims at preventing corruption and fostering high standards of behaviour, help to reinforce the credibility and legitimacy of those involved in policy decision making, safeguarding the public interest and restoring confidence in the policy making process.

Objectivity- Objectivity means taking rational decisions based upon established norms, laws, rules, regulations rather than personal opinion or bias. The decisions of public officials must be impartial, fair and based on merit. Objectivity is considered one of the important values in governance both by the Nolan Committee and 2nd ARC report.

Impartiality- Impartiality is the absence of bias in the due process. It ensures that the views of each and every stakeholder is duly taken into consideration. Above that, it also ensures inclusive development of any nation.

Transparency- Transparency means that decisions are taken and their enforcement are done in a manner that follows rules and regulations. It also means that information is freely available and directly accessible to those who will be affected by such decisions and their enforcement.

Responsiveness- Good governance requires that institutions and processes serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe. E.g. Timely response to Right to Information applications will retain and further strengthen people’s faith in government machinery and that will ultimately lead to citizen centric governance .

Accountability- Accountability is a key requirement of good governance. Not only governmental institutions but also the private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to the public and to their institutional stakeholders.

Values thus act as a guiding light, and reshape the code of ethics to be followed for good governance. Values without institutional support become weak and dissipate. Institutions with high values provide a platform for the efficient delivery system. Thus values ultimately strengthen the commitment to public service and spirit of good governance.

Best intentions require structure 

The subject of digital ethics is getting its long-awaited time in the spotlight. In response to concerns about privacy, surveillance, cyberbullying, discrimination, misinformation, and a host of other issues, developers and users alike are advocating for a serious turn toward ethical responsibility.

For the past several years, Avanade has been developing capabilities and guiding principles for digital ethics to effectively embed this responsibility into technology development and adoption. We invested in a cross-function digital ethics steering committee and recently hired a global lead for digital ethics. The aim is to make sure our employees practice good ethical principles when building and interacting with technology, and we are bringing this perspective to our clients to help them establish good practices as well.

While digital ethics will be on every boardroom agenda soon, it’s not enough for companies to have the best intentions. Taking action means establishing guiding principles, creating playbooks, providing training, and engaging in public discussion. Above all, this means establishing a governance model and body within your company. Governance is key to addressing ethical questions consistently across any heterogenous organization.

Digital ethics governance should reflect your organization 

You won’t find an industry standard that explains how best to instill digital ethics. You’ll have to build a program on the foundation of culture, structure, and governance that already exists in your organization. Avanade has identified a number of effective governance models, including options for different types of governing body, authority of such a body, decision criteria, policy regime, and audit rights. Below you’ll find 30 questions in 6 focus areas that will help you structure a model that would work best for you.

1) General details about the company set the proper context. Because digital ethics practices should be a reflection of how your organization operates, take stock of basic characteristics first:  

What are the core values of your organization?

How important is public opinion of your organization?

How are issues usually identified, escalated, and resolved within your organization?

Who or what structure is best suited to set a tone of good digital ethics?

What is your organization’s appetite for risks related to digital ethics?

2) The structure of your governance body will determine its influence. Some organizations have a single IT organization with centralized oversight, others have technology projects distributed across many functions and teams. It’s important to ask how your governance body should align to the rest of your organization:

Should digital ethics issues be handled internally or by external subject-matter experts?

To whom does this role/body report? (e.g., executive committee, audit committee, board of directors)

Can you leverage existing structures for identifying, escalating and resolving digital ethics issues?

Who determines the ethical boundaries of the organization? How?

How do you assure a governing body with sufficiently diverse expertise and background?

3) The authority for digital ethics decisions will have to prioritize their involvement. Ultimately, your goal is to have employees at all levels of the organization make more responsible decisions as they work to meet their business objectives. To accomplish this, you’ll have to be clear about when they should get governance authorities involved:

What degree of authority should your digital ethics governance body have?

How does your organization enable employees to address or escalate ethical issues?

Are there certain issues that require mandatory consultation with the governance body?

Should your organization have an ethics impact assessment for certain opportunities?

What accountabilities and responsibilities lie in different functions of the organization?

4) Guidance on decision criteria will help enforce responsibility without detriment to performance. Some ethical decisions will be more straightforward than others. When an individual or team has sufficient training and a supportive culture, they should be able to make good choices themselves. The key is to determine when they need to slow down and get others involved:

What types of decisions does your digital ethics governing body make? How?

How does your organization prioritize business opportunities versus ethical concerns?

Should the digital ethics governance body make a recommendation or a binding decision?

Should someone outside of the governing body review and approve decisions?

What are the criteria for escalation and/or appealing a decision?

5) The policy regime translates guiding principles into expectations of behavior. Your governance structure will establish objectives and authority, but without policies, your employees will be left to make decisions based on their own values or perceived values of the company. Instead, figure out the best way to augment your current compliance program to include digital ethics: 

How do we measure adherence to our ethical values and principles?

To which products and processes do these values apply?

Should digital ethics become part of the existing code of conduct?

How does the organization assure consistent application of digital ethics fundamentals?

What mechanisms do we have for raising concerns and updating policies?

6) The audit function can assure that digital ethics expectations are being met. Just like any other aspect of your internal control framework, digital ethics principles can benefit from independent review. To include digital ethics within the scope of an audit, you’ll have to answer a few key questions:

What ethics processes and controls might be subject to an audit?

How does the organization apply traditional audit concepts like materiality, risk, and effectiveness to ethics?

What skills are necessary for the audit team to assess ethics?

Does the audit committee have ultimate accountability for ethics lapses?

Do ethics weaknesses and gaps hold the same level of priority for corrective action as financial or security control gaps?

Pulling it all together

Answering these 30 questions will require a number of stakeholders to take a serious look at the organization’s strategy and values. Even if employees on the front lines of your company are already practicing good digital ethics, you’ll need a governance structure to give them guidance and make sure their efforts have the desired effect. Starting with the questions above will help you decide exactly what kind of governance structure is best for you.

For an outline of potential governance structures (including pros and cons), to talk more about how these structures will determine key processes (like issue management and escalations), or to discuss your digital ethics efforts more generally, please feel free to reach out any time.

If you are at the Shift 2020 conference next week in Zurich, then I invite you to hear Andreas Schindler, Country Manager at Avanade Switzerland, speaking at 16:15 h (4:15 pm) on the topic of digital ethics. Stop by to learn about Avanade and how we can supercharge your organization.

प्रश्न – आप उपजिलाधिकारी हैं। आपने आज दिन में अपराह्न का भोजन एक रेस्तरां में किया। आपने वहाँ देखा कि कुछ छोटे बच्चे टेबल साफ कर रहे हैं और बर्तन धो रहे हैं। इस परिदृश्य को देखते हुए एक अधिकारी के रूप में आपका क्‍या नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व हैं

प्रायः अधिकारी इस प्रकार की वस्तुस्थिति को देखते हुए उसकी उपेक्षा कर देते हैं और तर्क देते हैं कि यह स्थान उनके कार्यक्षेत्र से बाहर है लेकिन वस्तुतः मूल प्रश्न तो संवेदनहीनता एवं नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व के अभाव का है। ऐसी स्थिति में अधिकारी को चाहिए कि वह इसकी लिखित शिकायत उस कार्यक्षेत्र के अधिकारी को दे। यह एक गंभीर समस्या है। यह समस्या बाल श्रम और बाल शोषण दोनों से जुड़ी हुई है।

अधिकारी को केवल शिकायत दर्ज करा देने मात्र से अपने कर्तव्य की इतिश्री नहीं समझनी चाहिए बल्कि सर्वप्रथम उन्हें वहाँ से पूर्णतः मुक्त कराना चाहिए। रेस्तरां के मालिक के दंड के विधान का प्रावधान किया जाना चाहिए साथ ही बच्चों के पुनर्वास के लिए भी प्रयास करना चाहिए। इन सब कार्यों के लिए यदि एक अधिकारी के पास पर्याप्त समय का अभाव हो तो उसे किसी गैर सरकारी संगठन का भी सहयोग लेना चाहिए। भारत में इस विषय पर अनेक NGO कार्यरत हैं तथा अधिकारी को इस सन्दर्भ में आने वाली कठिनाइयों को शासन को लिखित रूप में सूचित करना चाहिए।

 

भारतीय प्रशासन में संवेदनशीलता और नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व का पूर्ण अभाव है। कुछ अधिकारियों को इस सन्दर्भ में सकारात्मक कदम उठाते हुए पहल करनी चाहिए और इसके लिए उदाहरण प्रस्तुत करना चाहिए। वास्तव में सामाजिक समस्याओं का समाधान प्रशासनिक हस्तक्षेप से ही संभव है। प्रशासनिक अधिकारियों को यह समझना चाहिए और इसका नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व स्वीकार करना चाहिए ।

प्रश्न – आपके ग्राम पंचायत में एक नई सड़क का निर्माण हो रहा है। इस सड़क पर कुछ पुलिया भी बनी है। पुलिया तो बनते ही टूट गई और पहली बारिश के साथ ही सड़क भी क्षत-विक्षत होकर बिखर गई। आपको ज्ञात है कि इसके निर्माण में सामग्री की उचित गुणवत्ता का ध्यान नहीं रखा गया है। ऐसी स्थिति में आपका नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व क्या हैं?

उत्तर– भारतीय समाज प्रायः प्रशासनिक कार्यों से तटस्थ रहता है। सरकारी कार्यों को वह अपने व्यक्तिगत कार्यों की भांति नहीं देखता है। वह इस महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य की उपेक्षा करता है कि राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति जनता की ही संपत्ति है और इसमें जनता का ही पैसा लगा हुआ है तथा इसका उपयोग भी अंततः जनता ही करती है, लेकिन फिर भी भारतीय जनमानस में सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व का अभाव होता है।

एक जागरूक नागरिक के रूप में इस कार्य की शिकायत संबंधित अधिकारी से ही की जानी चाहिए। इससे संबंधित सभी जानकारी के लिए सूचना अधिकार का उपयोग करना चाहिए। यदि जनपद के स्तर पर सूचना की जानकारी न प्राप्त हो सके तो प्रांत के स्तर पर लोकायुक्त की सहायता ली जानी चाहिए और इस प्रकार के आपराधिक कार्यों की पुनरावृत्ति को रोकने के लिए इस विभाग से संबंधित उच्च अधिकारियों और शासन में मंत्री एवं मुख्यमंत्री को भी आवेदन की एक-एक प्रति भेजी जानी चाहिए |

वस्तुतः भारतीय समाज में इस प्रकार के पहल की अत्यधिक आवश्यकता है।साधारण व्यक्तियों को सामाजिक कार्यों के प्रति संवेदनशील होना होगा। वास्तव में सामाजिक उत्तरदायित्व की चेतना का विकास भारतीय समाज के लिए आज अत्यधिक आवश्यक है।

 

• Ethics In Governance – Indian Institute of Public Administration
• Ethics, Accountability and Good Governance
• ETHICS IN GOVERNANCE B.K.Taimni Atma-aupamya means 
• Ethics & Governance – A Perspectiv

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